Global trends in melanoma burden: A comprehensive analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990-2021

BACKGROUND: Melanoma, a significant global health concern, has shown evolving epidemiologic trends. Accurate estimation of melanoma's burden is essential for public health strategies and interventions.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to estimate the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years for melanoma, stratified by region, gender, and age group, from 1990 to 2021.

METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021, we analyzed melanoma incidence, mortality rates, and disability-adjusted life years in 204 countries from 1990 to 2021. These metrics were age-standardized and stratified by age, sex, Socio-Demographic Index, region, and country. The estimated annual percentage change was calculated to track temporal trends.

RESULTS: Our study shows a substantial global increase in melanoma incidence, with significant disparities between genders and age groups. Higher Socio-Demographic Index regions had increased incidence rates, while global mortality declined, likely due to improved detection and treatment.

LIMITATIONS: The reliance on estimates and models may introduce bias due to variability in disease definitions, diagnostic criteria, and data collection methods.

CONCLUSION: This study underscores the dynamic nature of melanoma's burden and the need for targeted, age-specific, and gender-specific interventions. Continued research is essential to address the growing challenges posed by melanoma.